Conductivity to Resistivity Calculator

Calculate the conductivity of a material from its resistivity and vice-versa using the conductivity to resistivity calculator.

Resistivity at 20 °C16.8 nΩ·m0% above the 20 °C figure

Wire resistance304.6447 mΩround trip of 60 m of copper at 20 °C

Conductor diameter2.0525 mm80.81 mils, AWG 12

Cross-sectional area3.3088 mm²6,529.9 circular mils

Resistance per metre5.0774 mΩ/m

Voltage drop4.5697 V3.808% of the supply

Power lost in the wire68.545 Wall of it as heat, along the whole run

Against a 3% drop limitexceeds it by 0.81 percentage points3% on a branch circuit is the usual recommendation, 5% overall

Gauge needed for a 3% dropAWG 10 or thickerlower AWG numbers are thicker wire — the scale runs backwards

Load resistance implied7.6954 Ω

AWG 675.7794 mΩ0.249× the resistance — six gauges down is almost exactly a quarter

AWG 9151.9401 mΩ0.499× the resistance

AWG 15610.8222 mΩ2.005× the resistance

AWG 181.2247 Ω4.02× the resistance

The formula

R = ρL ÷ A; AWG diameter = 0.127 mm × 92^((36−n)/39)

The gauge scale runs backwards, and geometrically

American Wire Gauge numbers get smaller as the wire gets thicker, and the series is geometric: 36 AWG is 0.005 inches, and each 39 gauges spans a factor of 92 in diameter. Two useful consequences fall out of that. Three gauges down doubles the cross-sectional area, and six gauges down quadruples it — so six gauges down quarters the resistance, almost exactly.

Because the formula is exact, this page computes diameters rather than looking them up. Published tables round, and rounded diameters get squared into areas, which compounds the error.

Voltage drop is usually what sizes a cable, not the current rating. A long run at modest current can easily exceed the customary 3% limit while remaining far below the wire's thermal capacity, and the fix is a thicker conductor. Remember the current goes out and comes back, so the resistance that matters is the round trip — using the one-way length halves the answer.

Temperature matters more than people expect. Copper's resistivity rises about 0.4% per degree, so a cable running at 75 °C has roughly 22% more resistance than the 20 °C table value. Sizing from cold figures understates the drop under load.