Stoichiometry Calculators

Air-Fuel Ratio Calculator Pure octane gives 15.1; the 14.7 quoted for petrol reflects a real blend, not the chemistry. Atom Economy Calculator A reaction can run at a perfect yield and still waste two thirds of its mass — this is what sees that. Avogadro's Number Calculator Chosen so a mole of an element weighs its atomic weight in grams — that is why the number is so awkward. Empirical Formula Calculator A ratio, not a molecule — glucose, acetic acid and formaldehyde all reduce to CH2O. Grams to Moles Calculator Divide by the molar mass — the whole point of the mole is that this works. Hydrogen Ion Concentration Calculator Ten to the minus pH — and the scale is not bounded at 0 and 14, those are just where common solutions sit. Molar Mass Calculator Standard atomic weights are averages over isotopes, which is why chlorine is 35.45 and not a whole number. Molar Mass of a Gas Calculator Weigh it, measure its volume, and the ideal gas law identifies it — how molar masses were found before mass spectrometry. Mole Calculator A dozen for atoms — and since 2019 the number is fixed by definition, not measured. Molecular Weight Calculator Brackets and hydrate dots handled — and the dot means five separate waters, which really do weigh something. Moles to Atoms Converter Multiply by 6.02214076 × 10²³, a number now exact by definition. Percent Composition Calculator Each element's share of the mass — 90 g of every 250 in copper sulfate pentahydrate is water.